4th Industrial Revolution and AI

I will start my technology blog by sharing my opinions with the "Definition and Features" of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the materials summarized on the development of AI.

• What is the Industrial Revolution?

• the Fourth Industrial Revolution

• AI (Artificial Intelligence)

• AI Industrial trends

• My thoughts on AI job replacement

What is the Industrial Revolution?

Technological development is to change the political, social, and cultural structures along with changes in the industrial economic structure.

Let's take a look at all the industrial revolutions we've had

• 1st Industrial Revolution: "Machine Revolution"

- It occurred in Europe and the United States during the 18th-19th century and the transformation of rural communities into urban industrial societies

- Steel and textile industries develop with the invention of steam engine

• 2nd Industrial Revolution: "Energy Revolution"

- Started between 1870-1914 and using steel, oil, and electricity to secure large-scale energy sources

- Key technologies - telephones, bulbs, electrical shafts, internal combustion engines, etc

• 3rd Industrial Revolution: "Digital Revolution"

- Means Analog Electromechanical Devices Evolving to Digital Devices

- Key technologies - personal computers, the Internet, information and communication technology, etc

• Fourth Industrial Revolution: "Super-Connection, Super-Intelligence and Convergence Revolution"

- New technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, and the Internet of Things based on technologies built by the digital revolution

- Building a virtual physical system that integrates real and virtual to automatically and intelligently control things

Let's look at the characteristics of the Fourth Industrial Revolution

Key technologies at the heart of the Fourth Industrial Revolution - artificial intelligence, robots, the Internet of Things, autonomous vehicles, three-dimensional printing, nanotechnology, biotechnology, etc

Among these technologies, artificial intelligence is the core technology of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the most central one is artificial intelligence

- AI refers to the intelligence created by machines, whose purpose is to enable machines to imitate human intelligence capabilities, such as cognition, reasoning, and learning

Recently, intensive investment, research, and development by major countries around the world and leading global intellectual property companies such as Google, Facebook, and Amazon are taking place in the AI field.

The spread of artificial intelligence technology is currently rapidly increasing, and it has a wide impact on social and cultural fields as well as traditional economic industries such as finance and medical care.

The Fourth Industrial Revolution

As artificial intelligence has developed and energy-saving production methods have become important, they are emerging as a new source of competition for industries that actively utilize data.

Therefore, companies that build an ecosystem that can secure data and have algorithms that can utilize it were leading the market.

Currently, Korean manufacturing companies operate factories based on integrated factory information, not on a dedicated system centered on control functions.

For example, a Korean steel company in Korea found the optimal metal blending ratio when manufacturing automobile steel sheets through deep mind method by applying the current Google-opened AlphaGo algorithm to steel facilities

With the development of artificial intelligence, interest in future job prospects is also increasing

In the case of Arbeit 4.0 in Germany, employment changes were predicted as follows.

1. Organize business processes more effectively, efficiently, and enable real-time control through digital media and intelligent tools

2. Flexible working hours, places of work, low hierarchical order, etc: make labor processors flexible and eliminate the boundary between working hours and personal hours

3. Intermediate-level administrative service activities, excluding highly skilled tasks, are automated

There are jobs that are lost due to technology development, but there are also new jobs that are created through this

ex) High level of expertise, including data analysts and robot experts

As mentioned earlier, as corporate functions are applied without boundaries between industries through the platform, it is expected that work will also be converted to functional expertise and spread non-typical employment types

In addition, the huge trend of the Fourth Industrial Revolution is that many high-tech technologies are approaching the inside of humans.

- Emotions are one of the adaptive mechanisms that humans are equipped with for survival through a long period of evolution, and although robots cannot feel emotions, they can express the way humans interact (body gestures, facial expressions, and words

- Therefore, emotion recognition and intention recognition technology are expected to be actively presented

In the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the abilities required for us are not simple memorization, arithmetic skills, but critical thinking, communication, cooperative skills, and creativity

Artificial Intelligence

Origins of Artificial Intelligence

- The term "AI" is used by Professor John McCarthy of Dartmouth as the term (AI) proposed at the Dartmouth Conference is adopted

- According to Professor John McCarthy, AI is the science and engineering that produces intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs

In this figure, it can be seen that AI has changed to basic AI, machine learning, and deep learning

Machine learning is a part of AI and aims to develop predictive engines for certain cases.

(includes more than 15 major algorithms in total)

- Among them, deep learning algorithms are currently a breakthrough in the field of AI

- Existing machine learning algorithms showed excellent performance in solving problems in specific fields, but were very difficult when applied in various environments

Use of Deep Learning Algorithms

- Object recognition in the image

- real-time translation

- Controlling Devices with Voice

- Tumor detection in medical images

Among these technologies, "object recognition in images" and "tumor detection in medical images" are technologies derived from image processing.

Image processing is also a part of deep learning and if you want to learn more, check out my image processing session blog!

AI Industrial Trends

AI affects our lives every day, and efforts to incorporate AI technology continue in the industry

In 2018, machine learning robots and autonomous vehicles took the lead in the AI industry and are expected to have a future that combines with the development of AI technology

Although AI is said to resemble human intelligence, it is expected that it will become common to apply AI technology to specialized services rather than to use AI technology for general-purpose services because of its limitations

Currently, large amounts of information are required through the development of hardware devices and the generalization of smartphones, and attention is being paid to develop AI systems to solve information overload

My thoughts on AI job replacement

There are many speculations that the position of a teacher will be replaced by artificial intelligence. In education, I think it is a groundbreaking technology to develop more accurate information delivery and self-directed learning skills through artificial intelligence. However, this artificial intelligence technology is just a teacher as a 'knowledge carrier'. The role of the teacher varies. It teaches children knowledge and changes their lives. Therefore, teachers should consider creativity, empathy, and communication skills more important than teaching knowledge to children from the present and make efforts to develop them. I think that if the role of a teacher changes from simple "teaching" to "coaching", the role of a teacher will not be replaced by artificial intelligence.

Check out this video too!